Artificial Intelligence- A huge leap in the world of technology

      Introduction to Artificial Intelligence:-  

Human civilization has come a long way, from creating fire with the help of stones to LED; from invention of wheels to Cars, Aeroplanes and Autonomous Vehicles. Curiosity and Necessity are the leading factors of our improvement over the years.  In the late 1900's  scientists realised the need of automation in a better way along with the urge to describe human intelligence or consciousness.

AI - A huge leap in the
world of technology

A brief history of AI:-

The beginnings of modern AI can be traced to classical philosophers' attempts to describe human thinking as a symbolic system. But the field of AI wasn't formally founded until 1956, at a conference at Dartmouth College, in Hanover, New Hampshire, where the term "artificial intelligence" was introduced. Ancient Greeks and Chinese people had myths about artificial robots and intelligence. However building an AI wasn't that easy practically. It took tons of trials and errors before IBM's Deep Blue became the first computer to beat a chess champion when it defeated Russian grandmaster Garry Kasparov in 1997. Till now Artificial Intelligence is still a  controversial topic. It's still thought to be human resembling computers due to their inability to interpret or convey any emotions or hold meaningful conversations.

IBM'S Deep Blue

                         

Fundamental mechanism of AI:-  

AI in simple words, is a machine that is run by man-made programmes and utilizes data from its surroundings to respond in a certain way. To break  down the statement a little more, it can be said that ai is a function created by human beings which provides certain outputs depending upon the inputs. In the case of computers these inputs are already programmed, however AI's constantly evolve as they experience various events. They follow the patterns and store the new gained knowledge in                         

                                               

Types of Artificial Intelligence:-

Depending on the complexity of technology required Artificial Intelligence can be divided into 4 types :

1)Reactive Machines ->

Reactive machines are the simplest type of AI. They are comparable with advanced computers. They do not learn from experience and can't create new memories. They simply react to the present situation with the existing memories. 

simply - you know how to subtract. Your teacher  taught you with a few examples. Now even with bigger numbers you can operate the function subtraction. But, you can't learn any other operations by seeing the examples anywhere else. Your teachers have to teach you again to make you able to perform those tasks.

2)Limited Memory->

As per its name, this is an advanced version of the previously introduced AI. These can retain information by observing the surroundings within a limit. Automatic cars are examples of such technology. They use the pre-programmed data of lane markings and maps alongside observing surrounding information such as the speed and direction of nearby cars, or the movement of nearby pedestrians. These vehicles can evaluate the environment around them and adjust their driving as necessary. You can also think of a 4 year old kid as an example. He/she has basic knowledge about letters, Colors and words along with learning new words as he/she interacts with people. But that is quite limited since the brain is yet to be developed.

3)Theory Of Mind->

Human beings are creatures with emotions and feelings. They can socialize with others. They possess thoughts and memories that drive their behaviour. Theory of mind researchers have the goal to create machines or AIs that will be able to imitate the human neural mental model and develop compassion. These machines will be required to derive information from how humans react to different situations and learn from that. This would drive them to hold more human like conversations and socialisation. A famous but still very primitive example of this technology is Sophia, the world-famous robot developed by Hanson Robotics. Whilst Sophia is not natively able to determine human emotion, she can hold basic conversation, has image recognition and an ability to respond to interactions with humans with the appropriate facial expression.

Sophia The Robot

4)Self Conscious Artificial Intelligence ->

These are the futuristic AIs that currently only exist in science fictions. According to the theory, these AIs will possess human level consciousness and will know about their existence. 

Conclusion-

The Advanced AI may be able to answer the fundamental question of existence of free will and consciousness. Rather than fearing how AI's may bring demise to us we are rather anticipating to create a new peak in the technology.

Bibliography:-

https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_programming_languages%23:~:text%3DThe%2520first%2520functioning%2520programming%2520languages,developed%2520for%2520an%2520electronic%2520computer.&ved=2ahUKEwjkiOPYk5zxAhWDILcAHUpCBAYQFjABegQIBRAF&usg=AOvVaw3NHApN-b7YFeHcYSJW419A

- Adrija panda, Team Edixite